Cyber Culture And Its Impact On Modern Society - 1833 Words

The rapid change in technology has become such a central topic in our modern society, that it has immensely influenced all mankind and media. Since the immergence of automata to artificial intelligence, there has always been an uncomfortable relationship feeling towards the conflicting concepts of machine dominance and the liberation of humans from mundane labor. Many questions and concerns come to how rapidly it is evolving, and the dangers that may arise as a result of it in the near future. The ‘Cyber cultural society we live in today is shaped by these histories, in such a way that ‘man vs. machine’ has become an abundant theme and concept in entertainment fields and has been the inspiration for many sci-fi Film makers, theorists and writers to depict possible outcomes of future technology, and inform the society/ audience. Cyber culture surrounding us today, can be seen as a direct product of the histories of the relationship between man and machine. Since the early stages of human revolution, mankind have been finding ways to liberate and ease their lives in their amount of work. From hand tools to water clockwork to steam powered machines, a long history of evolution of machine ties deep knot with mankind who have created them. The birth of Egyptian water clocks in the 13th has been a huge impact on the entire world that has been extremely innovated to adapt to, and be used to our modern day demands. The clock has been invented for humans to estimate their time andShow MoreRelatedHow Is the Internet Reshaping What We Mean by Culture?1436 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the Internet reshaping what we mean by culture? During the 20th century, electricity, the telephone, the automobile, and the airplane made the world more accessible to people and transforming our society in the process. Most people had to call their local bank to check their statements. Or wait for the paper invoice in the mail. The latest score for last nights hockey game were found in the local newspaper. Then came the accessible worldwide system of interconnected networks called theRead MoreEssay How Is The Internet Reshaping Culture1362 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the Internet reshaping what we mean by culture? During the 20th century, electricity, the telephone, the automobile, and the airplane made the world more accessible to people and transforming our society in the process. Most people had to call their local bank to check their statements. Or wait for the paper invoice in the mail. The latest score for last nights hockey game were found in the local newspaper. Then came the accessible worldwide system of interconnected networks called theRead MoreCyber Culture And Cyber Cultures1430 Words   |  6 Pagestheir work easier with some new technologies and getting introduced to a new cyber world which also can be called as cyber cultures. The term cyber culture creates a lot of acceptable technology courses. The virtual reality, and online communities show that there is a necessity of cyber cultures in educational purpose, and economic social cultures. To help these people who are in desperate need for these cyber cultures a person named David Bell came up with new ideas to make a th eory which is similarRead MoreCyber-bullying Powered by Technology869 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently not only in high school but in the middle schools as well. For awhile there it seemed that just about every time you turned on the news there was another story of bullying or a suicide related to bullying incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has become a popular phrase among celebrities and other influential figures lately. They’re trying to send out a message to anyone listening saying that bullying is wrong and it shouldn’t be tolerated. WithRead MoreDoxagram Effect Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology dependent society this is a commonly occurring issue. The issue at hand is categorized as computer information security or the lack there of and it is an issue that has been years in the making. Over the past three decades, technological innovation as well as technology literacy has improved at an exponential rate. Many individuals in the American society can remember a time before individuals had daily access to technology. It is a common rule in modern society to check for the pocketRead MoreCyberbullying: Are Social Networking Websites The Cause? Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesnetworking sites the act of cyber bullying - bullying and harassing someone through the internet was born. Now, whether or not the websites are the cause of cyber bullying has become a rather controversial topic. Abraham Foxman and Cyndi Silverman, both part of the Anti-Defamation League, vehemently feel that these social networking sites spawned cyber bullying. On the other hand, Kate Harding, blogger and author, believes strongly that while they may be involved in cyber bullying, social networkingRead MoreCyber Bullying or Digital Tormenting Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber bullying or di gital tormenting is a manifestation of harassing that has been occurring a great deal all the more in center and secondary schools due to the change of innovation and expanded utilization of online networking systems. Something that has not by any means been built in these schools is disciplines. Do you know whether your center school or secondary school had a discipline for this? Precisely. It is not extremely normal for schools to have digital spooks suspended. Not due toRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cyber Bullying1705 Words   |  7 PagesAvian Williams Mrs. Crenshaw ENGL 2010 18 October 2017 The idea of cyberbullying is truly frightening, and the arrival of modern technology and the rise of social network make it even worst. With the invention of the Internet and its mass commercial use, some people might not have foreseen the issue of â€Å"cyberbullying† and how harmful it can really be. Cyberbullying is a real phenomenon that has been present for some time. Cyberbullying is defined as the use of the Internet and technology to purposelyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesrelations and new friends acquired through these platforms. Social media has however been constantly abused, as people turn it into a ground to vent, lie, insult, bully or threaten others. The social networks no longer serve their intended purpose in the society and users have taken advantage of the free space to say whatever they want with no regard to how it affects others. People have used such domains to brandish their selfish acts and gains. In this paper, I argue that social media may be an outletRead MoreThe Eternal Effects of Cyber Bullying1196 Words   |  5 Pageshost of free blogging sites to mention a few avenues of the modern day bully school yard venue. Bullies once ruled the left of the sandbox just behind the swing set, yet their territory was limited to extortion tactics for lunch money, candy or other intimidation factors by pint size tormentors. The digital age is clearly revolutionary, it defines a lifestyle and culture in todays world that also lends itself to advancements such as cyber bullying, allowing predators of all ages to interrupt what

Rumors, Deception and Heart Disease Essay

Rumors, Deception and Heart Disease Essay The exercise doesn't need to be done all at one time. Thus, the calories add up and we wind up gaining weight. A wholesome diet is vital, despite the individual risk of CVD. Balance diet and lifestyle like exercising is a great habit to prevent obesity. To stop critical heart trouble greatly decrease the quantity of fried fatty foods and trans-fat in your daily diet. Unavoidable causes of coronary disease, cardiac disease or coronary disease (take your pick concerning the name you wish to call it) In women the very first unavoidable source of heart disease is menopause. The sensation that numerous people experience when their heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood is known as angina, which is typically felt as a tight constricting feeling on the other side of the chest. Although there are times that it might also lead to develop a few other diseases like diabetes and obesity that may boost risk in heart issue. Distinct arteries supply various regions of the heart with oxygenated blood. If you're diagnosed with heart disease you can not have any baloney. Coronary heart disease is occasionally called CHD. It is the most prevalent type of heart disease. Most often when folks think of any sort of coronary disease they often consider the Coronary Artery Disease. Despite the fact that the heart proceeds to work, it's severely impaired. It is very important. In case the heart and other organs are becoming too little oxygen, the individual may begin panting. Totally free Coronary Heart Disease essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. CHD is the most typical kind of coronary disease in the usa, where it accounts for 370,000 deaths annually. Assessment of the effect of smoking on heart attacks makes it possible for us to realize that smoking influences the quantity of heart attacks people experience. It's correct that the majority of people even consume sugar unawares. Although there are nevertheless some men and women that are over using their hearts that may result in some important heart difficulties. The initial two sorts of treatment also can help stop the growth of Coronary Heart Disease. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Heart Disease Essay and Heart Disease Essay - The Perfect Combination Health care promotion is regarded to be among the best variants to re-imagine the simple comprehension of the health care in the society. Assessment also includes the comprehension of the needs needed for addressing a problem and the evaluation of the potency of the chosen solution. Taking preventive measures like doing exercises, lowering blood pressure and eating healthy diets among others, is essential in lowering our likelihood of developing the disease. In the lack of timely guidance, a part of heart muscle cells die from a scarcity of food developing myocardial infarction. Tachydysrhythmias are an important concern in regards to heart rhythms being abnormal. A study indicates that not all fantastic fats are the same in regards to safeguarding your wellness. The principal idea of the medical care promotion isn't to convince individuals to doing something by way of the governmental releases, yet to help them make their choices on the grounds of the recommendations and personal comprehension of the issue. Thus, your capacity to improve your immune system may be impacted by your capacity to lower your tension and improve the expression of positive vs. negative emotional responses. For instance, health care system ought to be conscious of the instances of heart attacks and their connection to smoking. As part of the publication there's the possibility to rate the publication and supply comments.

Security Guard Fired For Sexual Harrassment Essay Example For Students

Security Guard Fired For Sexual Harrassment Essay Sexual Harassment The issue of sexual harassment has been prevalent throughout this country from the office of the President of the United States, throughout military services and among educational institutions. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, sexual harassment is a form of discrimination and although it is an offense committed by both females and males in assorted measures, it is predominately committed by males against females. Despite widespread publicity about the perils of sexual harassment, surveys demonstrate that many businesses operating in the United States have yet to address the problem. Moreover, recent news reports indicate that sexual harassment has reached the highest levels of management. The concept of sexual harassment has been around since the mid-1970s. Today, both classifications of sexual harassment are claimed against men and women, resulting in a potential major loss for a company. The workplace is a place where one should feel comfortable. Yet while creating this comfortable atmosphere, workers should not feel like they have to constantly watch what they say. That is where the sexual harassment can get dangerous because what is not offensive to one person, may be for another. This is why there needs to be clear cut definitions of what sexual harassment is. Federal law recognizes two different forms of claiming sexual harassment under Title VII. The first is quid pro quo. Under the quid pro quo form of harassment, a person in authority, usually a supervisor demands sexual favors of a subordinate as a condition of getting or keeping a job benefit. EEOC guidelines define sexual harassment generally as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. In quid pro quo cases, the offense is directly linked to an individuals terms of employment or forms the basis for employment decisions affecting the individual. Usually, such cases are easy to recognize the first sexual harassment lawsuit under Title VII was decided on quid pro quo grounds. When such harassment occurs, the subordinate has the legal right to take the employer to court. An example of this type of harassment is the case of Lelia Bush v. Astra AB. A pharmaceutical company recently agreed to pay $9.85 million to settle claims that its president and other executives pressure female employees for sex. Lelia Bush, a former ASTRA USA sales representative, who said women were constantly solicited for sexual favors while she worked there, filed the original complaint. Astra AB, a Swedish company, admitted that it allowed a hostile work environment, including requests for sexual favors in exchange for favorable treatment, at its U.S. headquarters. The EEOC charged that the companys former president, Lars Bildman, replaced older female employees with young, single women who were pressured to have sex. Former employees said the president demanded that eight hours of work be followed by eight hours of drinking and partying. Frequently, a quid pro quo situation does not exist. Many sexual harassment victims are never threatened with termination or lack of advancement. Rather, they suffer repeated abuse by a hostile work environment, which is an alternative ground for bringing a Title VII sexual harassment action. A hostile work environment arises when a co-worker or supervisor, engaging in unwelcome and inappropriate sexually based behavior, renders the workplace atmosphere intimidating, hostile, or offensive. An example case of hostile work environment can be seen in the Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc. This case consisted of a shipyard company that employed a female welder who was continually subjected to nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers. The men posted these pictures not only in common areas, but also in places where the victim would have to encounter them, including her toolbox. The men referred to her as baby, sugar, and dear. The men also made numerous suggestive and offensive remarks to the victim concerning her body and the pictures posted on the walls. .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .postImageUrl , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:hover , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:visited , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:active { border:0!important; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:active , .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989 .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f2113f22d3fabf5f4708d99e14be989:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jefferson Davis Essay The victim complained about this atmosphere of harassment on a number of occasions, but the companys supervisory personnel provided little or no assistance. The court found this conduct violated Title VII because the harassment was based on sex, it affected a term or condition of her employment, and the employer knew or should have known about the harassment and failed to take remedial action. Sexual harassment had basically been dormant until October 1991, until Anita Hill accused Clarence Thomas of Sexual Harassment. Anita Hill, a law professor who had once worked with Thomas, nearly derailed his 1991 nomination to the U. S. Supreme Court with accusations of sexual harassment and inappropriate workplace comments. Hill alleged that Clarence Thomas had occasionally asked her out, talked about porno movies, and joked about a pubic hair on a soda can. Anita Hill testified at the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings that would appoint him to the Supreme Court Justices. After the Clarence- Hill case, national awareness about sexual harassment in the workplace heightened considerably. According to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission filings, sexual harassment cases have more than doubled, from 6,127 in 1991 to 14,420 in 1994. Over the same period, awards to victims under federal laws nearly quadrupled. Before 1991, sexual harassment victims who sought relief found them selves in a legal nightmare. Federal legislation was put into action to protect employees from on-the-job discrimination, including sexual harassment, but the benefits of pursuing such a case were few. Victims who spoke out jeopardized their jobs, and their reputation, with little reward. Title VII entitled sexual harassment victims to collect only back pay, lost wages and, if they had been forced to leave, to be reinstated in their jobs. Nothing was provided for pain and suffering. However, these cases were very difficult to win. Congress, recognizing the need to strengthen the remedies for sexual harassment under Title VII, amended the Civil Rights Act in 1991. Now, sexual harassment victims can recover compensatory damages beyond back pay, with a jury trial. Moreover, these damages can encompass emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, and other losses. Plaintiffs can also collect punitive damages, if they can demonstrate that an employer acted with malice or with reckless or callous indifference. Companies that want to manage their risk prudently must act before a problem occurs. Companies need a comprehensive, detailed written policy on sexual harassment. The CEO should issue the policy and make it a high priority of the company. Second, they need to distribute this policy to all workers, and supervisors. The company policy, when distributed to all, is training enough. The policy should contain specific examples to help employees fully grasp the nature of sexual harassment. Preventing sexual harassment in the workplace requires a considerable investment of time and personnel. However, investing in these resources will benefit the companies by significantly saving money on the potential legal fees. Companies will also benefit from increased worker productivity and a more hospitable work environment. From a purely business perspective, a company only stands to gain if it takes a no-nonsense, hard-line position on sexual harassment. Not only is it the right thing to do, it is the smart thing to do. Referenceswww.de.psu.edu/harassment/legalwww.eeoc.govwww.employer.employee.comwww.law.cornell.eduWords/ Pages : 1,195 / 24

The Mentors Last Words Essay Example For Students

The Mentors Last Words Essay The Mentors Last WordsAnother one got caught today, its all over the papers. Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime Scandal, HackerArrested after Bank Tampering Damn kids. Theyre all alike. But did you, in your three-piece psychology and 1950stechnobrain, ever take a look behind the eyes of the hacker?Did you ever wonder what made him tick, what forces shapedhim, what may have molded him?I am a hacker, enter my world We will write a custom essay on The Mentors Last Words specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Mine is a world that begins with school Im smarter than mostof the other kids, this crap they teach us bores me Damn underachiever. Theyre all alike. Im in junior high or high school. Ive listened to teachersexplain for the fifteenth time how to reduce a fraction. Iunderstand it. No, Ms. Smith, I didnt show my work. I did it inmy headDamn kid. Probably copied it. Theyre all alike. I made a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a second, thisis cool. It does what I want it to. If it makes a mistake, itsbecause I screwed it up. Not because it doesnt like me Orfeels threatened by me Or thinks Im a smart ass Or doesntlike teaching and shouldnt be here Damn kid. All he does is play games. Theyre all alike. And then it happened a door opened to a world rushingthrough the phone line like heroin through an addicts veins, anelectronic pulse is sent out, a refuge from the day-to-dayincompetencies is sought a board is found. This is it this is where I belongI know everyone here even if Ive never met them, never talkedto them, may never hear from them again I know you all Damn kid. Tying up the phone line again. Theyre all alike You bet your ass were all alike weve been spoon-fed baby foodat school when we hungered for steak the bits of meat that youdid let slip through were pre-chewed and tasteless. Weve beendominated by sadists, or ignored by the apathetic. The few thathad something to teach found us willing pupils, but those feware like drops of water in the desert. This is our world now the world of the electron and the switch,the beauty of the baud. We make use of a service alreadyexisting without paying for what could be dirt-cheap if it wasntrun by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. Weexplore and you call us criminals. We seek after knowledge and you call us criminals. We exist without skin color, withoutnationality, without religious bias and you call us criminals. You build atomic bombs, you wage wars, you murder, cheat, andlie to us and try to make us believe its for our own good, yetwere the criminals. Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime isthat of judging people by what they say and think, not what theylook like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something thatyou will never forgive me for. I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto. You may stop thisindividual, but you cant stop us all after all, were all alike. The Mentors Hacker Manifesto The Mentors Last Words Essay Example For Students The Mentors Last Words Essay The Mentors Last Words Essay Another one got caught today, its all over the papers. ;Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime Scandal;, ;Hacker Arrested after Bank Tampering; Damn kids. We will write a custom essay on The Mentors Last Words specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Theyre all alike. But did you, in your three-piece psychology and 1950s technobrain, ever take a look behind the eyes of the hacker? Did you ever wonder what made him tick, what forces shaped him, what may have molded him? I am a hacker, enter my world Mine is a world that begins with school.. . Im smarter than most of the other kids, this crap they teach us bores me Damn underachiever. Theyre all alike. Im in junior high or high school. Ive listened to teachers explain for the fifteenth time how to reduce a fraction. I understand it. ;No, Ms. Smith, I didnt show my work. I did it in my head. ..; Damn kid. Probably copied it. Theyre all alike. I made a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a second, this is cool. It does what I want it to. If it makes a mistake, its because I screwed it up. Not because it doesnt like me.. . Or feels threatened by me Or thinks Im a smart ass.. . Or doesnt like teaching and shouldnt be here Damn kid. All he does is play games. Theyre all alike. And then it happened a door opened to a world.. . rushing through the phone line like heroin through an addicts veins, an electronic pulse is sent out, a refuge from the day-to-day incompetencies is sought a board is found. ;This is it. .. this is where I belong; I know everyone here. .. even if Ive never met them, never talked to them, may never hear from them again I know you all. .. Damn kid. Tying up the phone line again. Theyre all alike.. . You bet your ass were all alike weve been spoon-fed baby food at school when we hungered for steak.. . the bits of meat that you did let slip through were pre-chewed and tasteless. Weve been dominated by sadists, or ignored by the apathetic. The few that had something to teach found us willing pupils, but those few are like drops of water in the desert. This is our world now.. . the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud. We make use of a service already existing without paying for what could be dirt-cheap if it wasnt run by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. We explore and you call us criminals. We seek after knowledge and you call us criminals. We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias. .. and you call us criminals. You build atomic bombs, you wage wars, you murder, cheat, and lie to us and try to make us believe its for our own good, yet were the criminals. Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by what they say and think, not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something that you will never forgive me for. I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto. You may stop this individual, but you cant stop us all after all, were all alike. The Mentors Hacker Manifesto .

How to Craft a Professional Dissertation in Project Management

How to Craft a Professional Dissertation in Project Management A dissertation in project management is one of the most important papers that a college student will write during the course of their academic career. This paper is usually done in the last year of being a business student. For earning a passing grade on a dissertation is a requirement for graduation, it is important that the paper is written correctly as well as meets all the instructions presented by a professor. Read the tips below to make your project management dissertation writing focused and professional. What Is a Project Management Dissertation? Project management is not a novelty in the academia it is in favor among college students for the recent years. A dissertation in project management will likely vary somewhat from the average dissertation, which is usually done in philosophy and other humanities/liberal arts degrees. There are several sections that are commonly used in project management dissertations. Some of these include a literature review, the methods used to come to your conclusion, the results of your research, and a summary of the discussions had with other professionals or peers on the chosen subject. How to Craft a Project Management Dissertation Paper 1.  Ã‚   Pick a Realistic Topic Picking a topic for your project management paper can be one of the most difficult parts, and it is the first section of the piece of writing that needs to be done. A topic for your project management dissertation paper should be a topic that both interests you and that is realistic. Common topics of these papers are on how different types of people (of different cultures, genders, and ages) react to the same type of projects. If you still have no idea what to dedicate your paper to, have a look at 20 topic ideas we have prepared for you and find something really on-point for the audience you are targeted at. 2.  Ã‚   Write a Dissertation Outline The outline of your dissertation should cover each aspect of your paper. This includes the thesis statement, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, analysis, discussion, and the conclusion. The listed aspects are required in nearly all project management dissertations. If you have any questions concerning these points, you could contact your supervisor to make things clear as well as show your best self as a responsible student. Make sure to include all of these elements in your outline. 3.  Ã‚   Do Plenty of Research Dissertation papers require some amount of research. Make sure that you take notes on your research as you read various books and articles that you are going to use in your paper. Bookmark pages as you go as well. This will surely save you a lot of precious time. Also, do not waste your time with ‘bad’ sources. Use your school’s library, scholarly, and peer-reviewed articles, and books published by reputable authors in your paper. For example, dealing with your project management dissertation, it would be wise enough to turn to the PMI library to find out some recent as well as reliable researches to support your claims. If you find it quite difficult to get something really catchy, grab 10 facts we have picked out; use them as hooks in your paper and make sure your audience is impressed to the fullest. 4.  Ã‚   Organize and Write Your Dissertation Once you have written an outline and done your research, writing the actual dissertation should be simple. If you have troubles writing your introduction, write the middle parts of your paper first and then go back to it. Likewise, if you realize that you need to do some more research, make a note or comment in your paper. This way, you can continue writing distraction-free and go back to the research later. Of course, each school will provide its own requirements to be met in your paper, but in most cases, the demands to dissertation writing assignments are very similar if you are wondering whether your piece of writing meets the key restrictions, browse the criteria for dissertation assessment and make sure your project management thesis is going to earn the highest possible point. 5.  Ã‚   Check for Spelling, Grammar, and Accidental Plagiarism When your paper is completed, make sure to run it through a spelling and grammar checker. Also, check for accidental plagiarism. One way to do this is to make sure that you have cited all your sources correctly both in your paper and on your works cited/bibliography page. One website that does all of this is Grammarly. The grammar/spelling checker is free, but the plagiarism checker requires a paid subscription. Project management dissertations can be difficult, but yours doesn’t have to be so. If you follow the tips above, your writing is sure to flow smoothly. We wish you good luck on your dissertation and all of your other academic endeavors. Do you need dissertation writing help from experts? Visit our writing company now.

How to Tell If an Element Is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic

How to Tell If an Element Is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic Materials may be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic based on their response to an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is a large effect, often greater than that of the applied magnetic field, that persists even in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a property that opposes an applied magnetic field, but its very weak. Paramagnetism is stronger than diamagnetism  but weaker than ferromagnetism. Unlike ferromagnetism, paramagnetism does not persist once the external magnetic field is removed because thermal motion randomizes the ​electron spin orientations. The strength of paramagnetism is proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism occurs because electron orbits form current loops that produce a magnetic field and contribute a magnetic moment. In paramagnetic materials, the magnetic moments of the electrons dont completely cancel each other out. How Diamagnetism Works All materials are diamagnetic. Diamagnetism occurs when orbital electron motion forms tiny current loops, which produce magnetic fields. When an external magnetic field is applied, the current loops align and oppose the magnetic field. Its an atomic variation of Lenzs law, which states induced magnetic fields oppose the change that formed them. If the atoms have a net magnetic moment, the resulting paramagnetism overwhelms the diamagnetism. Diamagnetism is also overwhelmed when long-range ordering of atomic magnetic moments produces ferromagnetism. So paramagnetic materials are also diamagnetic, but because paramagnetism is stronger, that is how they are classified. Its worth noting, any conductor exhibits strong diamagnetism in the presence of a changing magnetic field because circulating currents will oppose magnetic field lines. Also, any superconductor is a perfect diamagnet because there is no resistance to the formation of current loops. You can determine whether the net effect in a sample is diamagnetic or paramagnetic by examining the electron configuration of each element. If the electron subshells are completely filled with electrons, the material will be diamagnetic because the magnetic fields cancel each other out. If the electron subshells are incompletely filled, there will be a magnetic moment and the material will be paramagnetic. Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic Example Which of the following elements would be expected to be paramagnetic? Diamagnetic? HeBeLiN Solution All of the electrons are spin-paired in diamagnetic elements so their subshells are completed, causing them to be unaffected by magnetic fields. Paramagnetic elements are strongly affected by magnetic fields because their subshells are not completely filled with electrons. To determine whether the elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic, write out the electron configuration for each element. He: 1s2 subshell is filledBe: 1s22s2 subshell is filledLi: 1s22s1 subshell is not filledN: 1s22s22p3 subshell is not filled Answer Li and N are paramagnetic.He and Be are diamagnetic. The same situation applies to compounds as to elements. If there are unpaired electrons, they will cause an attraction to an applied magnetic field (paramagnetic). If there are no unpaired electrons, there will be no attraction to an applied magnetic field (diamagnetic). An example of a paramagnetic compound would be the coordination complex [Fe(edta)3]2-. An example of a diamagnetic compound would be  NH3.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING - Essay Example International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are touchstones, explanations and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements of corporations. The objectives of financial reporting can be bifurcated into General Objectives, Derived Company Objectives, Derived External User Objectives and Specific Objectives. The general objectives of any financial reporting is to provide the present and possible capitalists, creditors and other users with information which may be useful for them to make lucid investment, credit, and comparable decisions. Derived external user objective provides useful information so that potential investors can calculate the amount and time to make their investment. Through the financial statements the investors, creditors and others can assess the future net cash inflows to the company. The specific objectives are to provide the company about its cash flows, its complete income and the various components of such income and also the company’s economic resources, obligations, and owners’ equity (Nikolai Bazley Jones, 2009). Even though a printed annual report contains data about programs, new products, proposed capital expending etc., this is normally showed in such a way that it is certainly assorted from the regular financial statements (Mautz and Sharaf, 1961, 170-171). The amount of information which has to be presented should help the users to take decisions and form opinions (Flint, 1982, 15). Apparently too much or too little detail may be detrimental (Mautz and Sharaf, 1961, 170). Flint (1982, 15) states that basic queries in financial reporting are †from which users ´ standpoint have the accounts to be considered† and what degree of agreement is to be accepted on the part of those who have to figure notions and take decisions. The IASB framework keys out the fundamental concept based on

Examine how human relations plays an important role in the way in Essay - 1

Examine how human relations plays an important role in the way in which accounting information is used in organizations - Essay Example on the realization that "workers want to feel part of a team with socially supportive relationships and to grow and develop, where motivation, communication, employee participation, and leadership are significant issues" (Kaplan, 1998). The Accounting researchers have adopted traditional and emergent theories, the objective of which is to offer diversified insights and review of the organizational phenomena. The traditional and emergent theories related to the accounting research have been responsible for the "increase in knowledge and understanding about a phenomenon" (Carpenter, 2001). The theories have conceptualized the reality as physical structure, and people have been regarded as "adapters, responders, and information processors to achieve efficiency and the goal of an organization" (Zahirul, 2006). The Accounting Control System is aimed at achieving minimum cost and efficient operations, for this purpose the researchers have relied upon "an arms-length research method – statistically categorizes key variables and then attempts to retrieve meaning by ex post facto interpretations of tests of significance" (Kaplan, 1998). The Accounting researchers have adopted principles of rational choice theory and have expressed certain behavioral response through incentive supported by the implication of the decisions. In this context, the human relations factor have played crucial role for the assessment of the organizational process. The implications of the human relation theories have deterred the management accounting practices (Burchell, 2003). The human relation is regarded as the multidimensional "as this approach placed emphasis on the individual and the organization, motivation, supervisory and management leadership, group dynamics, and organizational development" (Carpenter, 2001). Douglas McGregor proposed Theory X and Theory Y, as per which the human relations is not applicable at organizations "with management’s autocratic approach with supporting

“Inevitable vs. Amendable” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Inevitable vs. Amendable† Essay The film â€Å"Inequality for All† tries to explain; what is the current status of the distribution of wealth and that of income equality? Why this is happening and if this is a problem. Yes, as stated in the film, social inequality is inevitable. But, there is without a doubt a problem with United States distribution of wealth. One of the facts that really opened my eyes was the fact that the 400 richest Americans, together hold more wealth than the poorest 150 million Americans have together. This said, it is scary to think about how obscure was the knowledge we had on the one percent with given how much economic influence they have. The minimum wages vs. growth of productivity graph is one that I found very interesting. Why is â€Å"just† in today’s society to be part a more productive workforce that gets paid less than the workforce we had a few decades ago? The line graph for productivity growth is rising every year, meaning that more work is being done. On the other hand, the minimum wages growth rates were rising but after a while they seem to have plateau and they have been like this for about 30 years. Advances in globalization and technology are also inevitable because it is simple economics that a product shall be produced in the cheapest way possible. Yes, technology does create jobs but as we see in the film companies like Amazon are also opting to operate with high tech machinery instead of the traditional assembly line. Women going to work, general workforce working for longer hours and borrowing money from the financial sectors are coping mechanisms that the middle class used to keep up with their good lifestyles, but in my opinion these are more like defense mechanisms in order to survive in the concrete jungle with the same wages they had 30 years ago. One other comparison that I liked was how the widening inequality leads to a deficiency cycle and when the wealth is equally distributed economic stability is transfused from sector to sector creating a domino effect leading to a virtuous cycle.

New Orleans Jazz Band: Dag :: essays research papers

New Orleans Jazz Band: Dag "They have a word down South to describe the way you feel when your packed into a crowded dive at 1:00 AM, where the cigarette smoke is so thick it makes its own weather; and the waitress is slinging bourbon and Fritos while some bad-ass Jazz Funk band rocks the house as hard as Blue Ridge granite, and the sweat flows down from the stage like the cloudy waters of Pamlico Sound. There's a word for how you feel when you hear live Jazzy-funk music so sweet and hot, you just gotta shout something. The word is: DAG!" - Columbia Records There is only one place on earth where I though I could go to experience the true meaning of Jazz and to try to place myself in the shoes of all of the artists I have studied over the past semester. New Orleans, Louisiana is just that place. On April 10, 1996, I boarded a United Airlines plane bound, non- stop, for the "Home of Jazz." My goal in New Orleans was to try and have a comparable experience to that of one of the popular Jazz artists would have had upon his/her first visit to New Orleans in the early 1900s. Bourbon Street, the French Quarter, Jimmy Buffet's Maragaritaville, The Flamingo, the Garden District, and Moolate's all helped me to get into the proper frame of mind of experiencing true Jazz. The focus of this report will be on my life changing experience at a little place known as The House of Blues. This amazing combination of bar and stage created one of the most conducive atmospheres to music listening that I have ever been involved with. The stage, similar to the Fox, in Boulder and the bar/restaurant, similar to nothing both had a character and charm unique to itself. The ceilings in the bar area were covered by sculpted silhouettes of every major Jazz/Blues artist that ever played there. Images such as Louis Armstrong, Lester Young, Dizzie Gillespie, Buddy Bolden, Horace Silvers, and Jelly Roll Morton adorned the walls and ceilings of the HOB (House of Blues). Every beer on tap was a Louisiana original and the only kind of cooking done there was absolutely Cajun. On Thursday, April 11, 1996, I and 5 friends ventured into the legendary house of Blues. Headlining was a band entitled "Dag." This up and coming Blues/Jazz/Rock band has been touted as New Orleans newest small success story. With a label on Columbia Records and an album entitled Righteous, Dag is certainly a force in the Jazz industry.

Satire, humor and irony

In the Atwood’s short story, there are two speakers. One is trying to write a story while the other gives his opinion or views on the words that the former is using for his story. Their conversation centers on the mistakes or errors in the writer’s choice of words. The poems in the readings show that irony and satire need to be humorous at all times. Shakespeare’s poems did not contain humor. He only made use of irony in writing his pieces most particularly the poem, â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the son. ’ On the other hand, Kennedy’s poem, â€Å"A Visit from St. Sigmund Freud,† is satirical but not entirely humorous for it talks about a very serious matter. In talking about Freud and Santa Claus, Kennedy did not utilize humor. His writing took on a serious tone just like Shakespeare did for his poem. The plays of Seinfeld and Leguizamo are very appropriate as readings for humor, irony, and satire for the writers of the said plays wrote them for the purpose of entertaining the readers. The goal of the said plays was to invoke laughter. They were meant to be humorous. They are clear examples of how humor is taken as the theme of literature.

Booker T. Washington VS. WEB DuBois Essay

Booker T. Washington VS. WEB DuBois In the days when segregation was not uncommon, there were two men that played a huge part in the fight for equality in the United States. Booker T. Washington and WEB DuBois were great leaders, who supporterted civil rights, yet also disagreed on various issues related to reconstruction, poverty, racism, and discrimination. Both Washington and DuBois worked on reforming education as well as eliminating discrimination towards Blacks, but their strategies of achieving said change varied greatly. The first leader that came along was Booker T. Washington. He believed that african americans would not make it any where in society if they focused on just equality. He told blacks to target education, trade, and financial progress in order to get an economic foothold in society as well as becoming better individuals. Washington felt that blacks could not be a in a position to improve their standing in communities until they withdrew from poverty and evolved into something that could not be denied as equals. It was understood that blacks would never be completely equal to whites and that there would always be some form of segregation and discrimination. Instead of fighting with it,Washington encouraged blacks to accept it, embrace it, and work around it. The next main leader was WEB DuBois. Contrary to Washingtons beliefs, DuBois deemed that blacks should be like whites, in the aspect of having an organized education and the same political rights. DuBois felt that blacks should not approach this indirectly like Washington, but face it head on and demand the rights that they considered to be theirs. He took the more assertive stance that african a mericans should press for full equality and use agitating, passive-aggressive tactics in hopes that the whites would reluctantly comply. In the â€Å"Declaration of the Principles of the Niagara Movement† he and other Black intellectuals outlined a list of demands in which they desired to meet the needs and interests of all African Americans. Dubois asserted that economic security was not nearly enough and blacks should become just as educated as the whites. Mainly he considered Booker T. Washington’s ideas and took them a step further, if not more. At the time, the most reasonable leader would be none other than Booker T. Washington. His understanding that blacks would never be equal and that not being his main focus, gave him the upperhand on WEB Dubois. Du Bois urged blacks to attempt to uplift themselves through educational advancement and  political rights. Although his ideas had potential, Washington’s gradualism stance gives him wide spread appeal among both blacks and whites. In today’s day and age, there are people who are still racist and don’t accept blacks because of their color/culture, but todays blacks understand that and tolerate it. In conclusion, the rivalry between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois is one well known to scholars and historians of the United States. Washington and Dubois were two great segregation leaders who offered different strategies for dealing with the problems of poverty and discrimination facing Black Americans. They both brought enthralling ideas to the table and in short, Booker T. Washington believed in civil rights through evolution whereas WEB DuBois demanded more immediate black equality.

Free Essays on Womens Movement

The days of the barefoot woman forced to stay in the kitchen and bedroom are over. Women’s liberation has gained voice in the last century and has emancipated many women, bringing them into the realization that they are not subservient to men. As this thought process becomes more widely spread, more and more women are seeing the truth of it. In the short stories Shiloh and The Astronomer’s Wife this theme of realization and liberation is dominant. In the story Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason we are introduced to Norma Jean. She is a wife to an injured trucker named Leroy. Our first glimpse at Norma Jean is of her working out. â€Å"Leroy Moffitt’s wife, Norma Jean, is working on her pectorals. She lifts three-pound dumbbells to warm up, then progresses to a twenty-pound barbell. Standing with legs apart, she reminds Leroy of Wonder Woman.† (Pg. 68) This shows a bit about her strong, self-improving personality. Another look at this trait are seen in her attempts at learning. â€Å"Norma Jean is going to night school. She has graduated from her six-week body-building course and now she is taking an adult-education course in composition at Paducah Community College. She spends her evenings outlining paragraphs.† (Pg. 74) Not only is Norma Jean improving her body but her intellect as well. I believe this self-improving aspect points to an independence in her. In The Astronomer’s Wife independent woman is the farthest description of Mrs. Ames. â€Å"She was a youngish woman, but this was forgotten. The mystery and silence of her husband’s mind lay like a chiding finger on her lips. Her eyes were gray, for the light had been extinguished from them.† (Pg. 63) She had at one time been a bright beautiful woman but now she is stifled and has forgotten her beauty. She is very soft spoken. Every time she talks it mentions the soft tone or the hushed voice. This shows that she is a gentle and rather timid woman. Norma Jean starts having prob... Free Essays on Women's Movement Free Essays on Women's Movement The days of the barefoot woman forced to stay in the kitchen and bedroom are over. Women’s liberation has gained voice in the last century and has emancipated many women, bringing them into the realization that they are not subservient to men. As this thought process becomes more widely spread, more and more women are seeing the truth of it. In the short stories Shiloh and The Astronomer’s Wife this theme of realization and liberation is dominant. In the story Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason we are introduced to Norma Jean. She is a wife to an injured trucker named Leroy. Our first glimpse at Norma Jean is of her working out. â€Å"Leroy Moffitt’s wife, Norma Jean, is working on her pectorals. She lifts three-pound dumbbells to warm up, then progresses to a twenty-pound barbell. Standing with legs apart, she reminds Leroy of Wonder Woman.† (Pg. 68) This shows a bit about her strong, self-improving personality. Another look at this trait are seen in her attempts at learning. â€Å"Norma Jean is going to night school. She has graduated from her six-week body-building course and now she is taking an adult-education course in composition at Paducah Community College. She spends her evenings outlining paragraphs.† (Pg. 74) Not only is Norma Jean improving her body but her intellect as well. I believe this self-improving aspect points to an independence in her. In The Astronomer’s Wife independent woman is the farthest description of Mrs. Ames. â€Å"She was a youngish woman, but this was forgotten. The mystery and silence of her husband’s mind lay like a chiding finger on her lips. Her eyes were gray, for the light had been extinguished from them.† (Pg. 63) She had at one time been a bright beautiful woman but now she is stifled and has forgotten her beauty. She is very soft spoken. Every time she talks it mentions the soft tone or the hushed voice. This shows that she is a gentle and rather timid woman. Norma Jean starts having prob...

The Slender Man Stabbing Case

The Slender Man Stabbing Case On May 31, 2014, 12-year-old Payton Leutner crawled out of the woods to a path where a bicyclist found her bleeding from 19 stab wounds. Leutner, who survived the attack, told authorities she was stabbed by two of her 12-year-old friends, Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser. The two Waukesha, Wisconsin middle school students told investigators that they plotted for months to kill their friend to appease the fictional Internet character Slender Man, a paranormal figure who stalks and kidnaps children. Here are the latest developments in the Slender Man stabbing case: Slender Man Case Delayed Sept. 22, 2015 - The October trial date for the Slender Man stabbing case has been removed from the court calendar after the Wisconsin attorney generals office agreed that the decision to keep the case in adult court should be appealed. Waukesha County Circuit Judge Michael Bohren removed the trial date from his calendar after learning that Attorney General Brad Schimel supported the review by the Court of Appeals, although his office plans to defend the ruling to keep the case in adult court. Schimel said the appeal would clarify further proceedings in this litigation, and potentially protect the defendants, who were 12 years old at the time of the crime, from substantial or irreparable injury. Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier would face up to 45 years in prison if found guilty in adult court of the stabbing of their classmate, 12-year-old Payton Leutner, who survived the attack. They are charged with attempted first-degree intentional homicide. Although Judge Bohren also postponed hearings on other motions in the case until the appeal court rules, he did agree to allow a state psychiatrist to evaluate Weier in regards to a motion from her attorney that she was not competent to waive her right to remain silent when she first spoke to detectives. Judge Enters Pleas for Slender Man Girls Aug. 21, 2015 - A county judge has entered not guilty pleas for two 13-year-old girls accused of attempted homicide in the stabbing of a classmate while the defendants in the Slender Man case - Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier - stood mute in court. Attorneys for the two girls, who were both 12 when the crime took place, said they did not speak on their on behalf in adult court because Judge Michael Bohren has not issued his written order that denied their motion to move the case to juvenile court. Donna Kuchler, one of the attorneys for Geyser, said she wants to review the judges written order before deciding whether to appeal his decision. Kuchler and Maura McMahon, an attorney for Weier, said their clients might enter pleas of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. If the jury agrees that mental defects caused the stabbing, they would be sent to a mental hospital for an indefinite period of time. Geyser has been diagnosed with early onset schizophrenia. If found guilty in adult court, however, they could be sentenced up to 45 years. In juvenile court, they would have faced a maximum of three years incarceration. The exact charge against the two is attempted first-degree intentional homicide, as party to a crime, with use of a dangerous weapon for the stabbing of 12-year-old Payton Leutner in May 2014. Slender Man Case to Be Tried in Adult Court Aug. 10, 2015 - Two girls accused of stabbing a 12-year-old friend because they wanted to appease the fictional character Slender Man will go to trial in adult court rather than juvenile court, a judge has ruled. The decision means Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier could face up to 35 years if convicted of the stabbing of their classmate Payton Leutner. In spite of testimony at separate hearings for the two defendants from psychologist who said the girls could receive better mental health treatment in the juvenile system, Judge Michael Bohren ruled that their cases will remain in adult court. The defense attorneys had also filed a motion asking that the Wisconsin law requiring adult court for juveniles if they are charged with first-degree crimes be declared unconstitutional because it can lead to cruel and unusual punishment. In juvenile court, the girls could face up to five years incarceration, but if found guilty in adult court they could be sentenced to 65 years. Judge Bohren denied that motion, ruling that although juveniles may not be as culpable for their actions as adults, that does not mean they are exempt from receiving adult sentences. Slender Man Is Real, Suspect Says June 19, 2015 - One of the Slender Man murder suspects still believes the fictional character is real and would kill again if he told her to, psychiatrists have testified. The testimony came in a hearing to determine if Morgan Geyser will be tried in juvenile or adult court. State psychiatrist Kenneth Casimir told the court that 13-year-old Geyser has early-onset schizophrenia and continues to believe Slender Man is real. Casimir said Geyers severe schizophrenia is dangerous if it remains untreated. Morgan said, Well if he told me, meaning Slender Man, if he told me to hurt more people, Id have to do it. If he told me to break into someones house and stab them, I would have to do it, Casimir testified at the hearing. Another state psychiatrist, Dr. Kenneth Robbins, told the judge that Geyser would not do well in the criminal justice system. Severe schizophrenia is predictably going to do very poorly in the criminal justice system, and we have hundreds of examples of that, Dr. Robbins testified. He also said that Geyser continues to believe that Slender Man is real. Treatment Denied for Slender Man Suspect April 24, 2015 - One of the defendants in the Slender Man stabbing case will not have her bail reduced and will not be transferred to a private facility for mental health treatment. A judge denied the request from 12-year-old Morgan Geysers attorney. During the hearing, the judge expressed concerned about Geyser being a flight risk and kept her bond at $500,000. Anthony Cotton, Geysers attorney, had requested that her bail be reduced to a signature bond. Cotton told the judge that Geyser has no friends and has no car so she would not get very far if she did try to flee. Attorney Wants Treatment for Geyser April 15, 2015 - The attorney for a 12-year-old Wisconsin girl who is charged with stabbing a classmate to appease the fictional character Slender Man wants a judge to reduce her bail and allow her to be treated for psychotic disorders at a residential treatment center. Attorney Anthony Cotton wants Morgan Geysers bail reduced to from $500,000 to a signature bond. Cotton wants his client released from a juvenile detention center in West Bend and sent to a treatment facility in Milwaukee. She would go to Milwaukee Academy, an all-girls treatment facility at her parents expense, he said. In his motion, Cotton said Geyser has been diagnoses with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and desperately needs treatment for her mental illness. He said early treatment was critical for her ultimate prognosis. The judge is expected to rule on the bail motion on April 24. Slender Man Case Stays in Adult Court March 13, 2015 - The case of two Wisconsin girls who stabbed a classmate because they thought it would appease the fictional character Slender Man, will remain in adult court for now, a judge ruled. Judge Michael Bohren ruled that Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier will be tried in adult court for the attempted homicide of Payton Leutner. Attorneys for both girls had requested their case be moved to juvenile court. In making his ruling, Judge Bohren allowed the defense attorneys the opportunity to seek a reverse waiver to move their cases to juvenile court on other grounds. Under Wisconsin law, the attorneys will have to show that their clients will not receive adequate treatment in the adult criminal justice system, that moving the case to juvenile court will not depreciate the seriousness of the charge, and that keeping the case in adult court would not be a deterrent to other juveniles planning to kill their peers. The judge scheduled Weiers reverse waiver hearing in May and Geysers in June. Meanwhile, videos of the interrogation of the two girls have been release in which they openly discuss their motivation to kill their classmate. Geyser told detectives that killing Leutner would allow them to live with Slender Man in his mansion in the forest. Weier told investigators that Geyser convinced her that killing Leutner was necessary and if she did not participate, Slender Man would â€Å"kill my whole family in three seconds.† Defense Wants Case in Juvenile Court Feb. 25, 2015 - Defense attorneys and prosecutors have both filed motions in Waukesha County on whether two girls who stabbed their friend in the Slender Man stabbing case should be tried in adult or juvenile court. Prosecutors argue that when Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser lured their friend Payton Leutner into the woods, stabbed her 19 times and left her for dead after planning the crime for months, they were committing attempted first-degree homicide. According to court filings by the Waukesha County District Attorneys Office, if that is the charge they will face trial for, Wisconsin law dictates that the trial be conducted in adult court. Defense attorneys, on the other hand, argued that the two girls, who were both 12 at the time of the stabbing, should face attempted second-degree homicide charges, a count that would allow the trial to be held in juvenile court. Where the case is tried would make a huge difference in the possible sentences the girls would face. If found guilty of attempted first-degree murder in adult court, they could be sentenced to up to 65 years each in state prison. If found guilty of the lesser charge in juvenile court, they could only be held in a secure facility until they turned 25 years old. In court fillings last week, prosecutors pointed out that if the girls are tried in adult court, but found guilty of the lesser charge, Wisconsin law would allow them to be sentenced as juveniles anyway. The judge is expected to make a decision on the issue March 13. Girls Coerced by Slender Man, Attorney Says Feb. 24, 2015 - A defense attorney for one of the girls accused in the Slender Man stabbing case told a judge that his client believed the fictional character was real and would kill her whole family if she did not kill her friend. Joseph Smith Jr., attorney for Anissa Weier, asked the judge to dismiss the charge of first-degree murder against his client because the intimidation from the Slender Man character that she perceived amounted to coercion, which would justify a lesser charge. During the hearing last week, Waukesha Police Detective Michelle Trussoni testified that Weier and co-defendant Morgan Geyser, believed that their families would be in danger if they did not kill Payton Leutner. During an interview that was video taped, Weier told police, He targets children most, so I was really scared knowing that Slenderman could easily kill my whole family in three seconds. During the hearing, the court heard that the two girls had been planning the attack for five months. Originally, they planned to kill Leutner during a sleepover, but backed out. They also abandoned a plan to kill her in a park restroom where they could flush the blood down the drain, detective Trussoni testified. Finally, they decided to lure Leutner to the woods under the pretense of playing hide-and-seek. Police officer Shelly Fischer said Geyser whispered to Leutner, Im so sorry, just before the stabbing. Waukesha Detective Tom Casey, however, told the court that Geyser showed no remorse for the crime. Last weeks preliminary hearing was originally scheduled last July, but was postponed because Weier was declared incompetent. In November, she was ruled fit to stand trial.

Four SARA model components Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four SARA model components - Assignment Example 1.A. The least important of the four components would be the assessment, at least when looking at the complete picture within a timeframe aspect. Assessment is a more leisurely review of the whole aspect and seeing what the problems were and how the development for a solution was made, based on specific criteria, and then how the response was conducted. The assessment is a research study of the whole process of SARA conducted on a problem, or set of problems and is done after the fact. While each section of SARA is important, in terms of level of importance, assessment is the last level of action and importance, in comparison to the other three levels (SARA 2013). 2. Two community problems in New York are hate crimes, particularly in regards to Lesbian-Gay issues, and Juvenile crime which includes vandalism and also drug-related issues. Issues of LGBT have arisen in light of some of the recent new rulings in the judicial system regarding the rights being given to gay couples in marri age and in adopting children as well. A man was recently stalked on the streets of Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan and then shot by a man who was shouting anti-gay slurs. The victim was taken to the hospital where he was pronounced dead while the shooter was arrested and charged with second-degree murder (Margolin 2013). The pivotal changes in a social context have created a number of emotional responses between different groups, with the murder being one of the more visibly violent ones. These problems in hate crimes have not been reported or tracked as often right now, mainly because they are not reported very often. Yet, hate crimes are also reflective of a growing issue which is also nationwide. This includes hate crimes against Muslims as well. For juvenile crimes, which also lead into early adulthood ranges, issues of robbery and drug crimes have plagued some neighborhoods, causing the police to begin aggressive measures of monitoring known juveniles on a regular basis in order to keep juveniles from committing crimes in the first place. This also gives those who could potentially commit crimes, more visible, and as a consequence, make them less attractive to their peers who do not want to be part of the monitoring system (Ruderman 2013). 3. Both crimes of hate and also juvenile crimes, while definite problems in New York City and its boroughs, is also indicative of many other cities across the nation. They are of issue in New York City however, because of the close proximity of the population to each other. New York City has a large population in relationship to its geographical size and also has one of the largest police departments in the United States (Ruderman 2013; Margolin 2013; Cordner & Scarborough 2010). 3.A. Those who perpetuate the hate crimes have no particular face other than that they hate those who conduct same sex partnerships and see those people as unmoral or deviants. In cases where there is a hate crime against Muslims, the issu e is about the threats of terrorism which people see as a problem with all Muslims. They also see Islam as a violent religion (AP News 2013). Juveniles are the cause of most petty theft crimes, home robberies and also drug-related crimes, mainly because they may have less opportunities socially and do not have jobs to keep them off the streets, particularly in times where getting a job is pretty difficult (Shelden

Persuasive Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Persuasive Letter - Essay Example The society has suffered both social and economic losses given that human health, property, infrastructure as well as various aspects of the economy such as agriculture have been made untenable due to the harsh weather conditions. As of this moment, the WHO in conjunction with several governments continues to report high incidence of heat and cold related diseases. Moreover, developing nations whose citizenry depend on natural resources for income, have found it hard to earn a living. In as much as the advancements brought about by the past and current generations have made our way of life simpler, some of them have caused environmental degradation. This has in turn resulted into climate change. One reality that the current generation should not turn a deaf ear on is the fact that we have our ancestors to thank for subjecting the environment to wise use during their lifetime. As that has enabled us to make something out for ourselves. From where I sit, I presume true the fact that for us to hand over an intact world to the future generations, then we have to adjust our way of life. Moreover, every person within the world should make sacrifices for the adjustments to bring about considerable effect. Some of the sacrifices for example will require that we not only recycle but also reuse some of the local materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, aluminum among others (Tokar 55). Similarly, we need to reduce the amount of energy that we consume as we spend many n atural resources in producing the energy, and too much production will exhaust the natural resources. In order to reduce the consequences of climate change, we will need to employ the use of ecofriendly cleaning products, and not those that lead to emission of poisonous materials that lead to the erosion of the ozone layer. At the same time, we should change our eating habits and prepare

Theoretical Skirmish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theoretical Skirmish - Essay Example 115), while Condit did not clearly define the term, but stated that hegemony resisted â€Å"the exclusive and narrow focus on the economic base that pervaded earlier Marxist theories† (Condit, 1994, p. 206). Condit stated that the earlier Marxist theories held that in capitalism, dominant classes imposed their capitalism ideology on the working class, and that, since capitalism flourished around the globe, while Marxism failed, the ideology had to have been spread by â€Å"coercive military force of the State proper and the leadership exerted in the civil society on behalf of the world view of the group in power† (Condit, 1994, p. 206). In other words, according to this theory, capitalism is maintained in these societies by coercion and by leadership. The leaders must have allies with whom they have active assent, while also maintaining passive assent from the governed. In this way, there is a distinction between power and leading – power is something that a person obtains, while leading is the quality the person exerts. It is this latter quality that stabilizes a society. Leading takes into account that there are a spectrum of interests in the populace, and that the leadi ng groups interest is not the only one. If a society does not take this into account, but, rather, that the leader merely dictates his own worldview on the populace, this is dominating, as opposed to leading, and this results in â€Å"dictatorship without hegemony† (Condit, 1994, p. 207). Thus, hegemony is defined as a way to stabilize society by generating some kind of consent by the populace to the ideological bent of the leader. Condit and Cloud take slightly different tacts in illustrating the concept of hegemony, however. Condit states that hegemony in the United States is accomplished by concordance. In pre-industrial societies, hegemony was accomplished in a different way. Because these societies were more

Microwave power transmission using rectenna

Microwave power transmission using rectenna   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abstract microwave power transmission using rectenna A high efficient rectanna was design and tested at 5.8GHz frequency, which is use to power up applications. Patch antenna used with a low return low simulated in ADS. The micro-strip patch is a good practice for manufacturing physical antenna, as it will be easy to fabricate. The designed patch antenna have been employed in a 22 and 14 triangular antenna array so that the power and gain can be increased. The patch antenna captures the RF signal and then feed through 50 ohm feed line into the low pass filter and then into the rectifying circuit giving DC power. A low pass filter at 5.8 GHz was constructed. The diode used for the rectifying circuit is HSMS 2862 or HSMS 2080 schottky. A comparison analysis has been done between different designs of antenna. The results compared and best possible DC voltage was achieved in ADS simulation. ADS results achieved by simulating the designs for antennas, low pass filters and rectifying circuits were efficient. The designs were manufactured. The result generated from the physical antenna and the simulation is studied. Chapter 1 1 Introduction As the technology is growing the world is now moving toward wireless power. We can see that now days everyone prefers to use a wireless mouse or a wireless headphone. The use of batteries can make this possible but the problem is that too many batteries are being used and there has to be a way by which these applications can run wirelessly and the best thing would be if the batteries were not used. How can this be possible? This is the problem which we will try to solve in the design. The rectanna used will convert the RF power into dc signal and instead of batteries the application will have a rectanna to produce the power. Therefore we will have a true wireless system, which has no wires and no batteries. Although we have to agree that may be so power will not be produced by these rectanna but still as the technology increase, the rectanna manufacturing will also be improved. The word ‘rectenna as we know today was first introduced by Brown [4]. The basic concept of rectanna is a â€Å"rectifying antenna†. In other word an antenna which will be used for receiving RF signal and a rectifying circuit which is used to give us DC power. Personally I view rectanna as a wireless battery, which is a very cool device. Wireless power transmission (WPT) can be viewed as an electrical grid which generates power. WPT is the technology which is used for wireless transmission of power, this will be used in future for solar power satellites [4]. Let me explain the concept in detail. As the satellites are orbiting around the earth 24 hour and the satellites have the capability to convert the solar power into RF signals and then beam those RF signal to the earth. Array of antennas will be used to capture those RF signals and the rectifying circuits to convert those into DC power. If sufficient amount of array antennas are used, a lot of power can be produced. The electrical power station would be viewed as RECTANNA stations where RF signal would be converted into DC power. 1.1 History of Microwave Power Transmission Tesla was the first person who introduced the idea of wireless power transmission. Tesla was not able to produce power with the RF signal because the transmitted power got diffused in all the direction with 140 KHz radio signal [4]. The problem faced by Tesla was overcome, by the fact that higher RF frequency has greater directivity and so the power can be transmitted in a particular direction. Radar technology used in world-war 2 was also very helpful in advancing the growth of wireless power. In the early 1960s W.C. Brown used that latest technology to produce wireless power for the first time. The word â€Å"Rectanna† which we use today was first developed by W.C. Brown. He used an antenna with a rectifying circuit to produce power. The conversion was very good. Based on browns research work, where P.E. Glaser in 1968 introduced a solar power satellite [4] [3]. 1.2 Objectives The object of this thesis is to design a rectanna which will be able to receive microwave energy at 5.8 GHz and then converting that signal to DC power. This thesis will also help to provide a new ways of exploring energy resources. A secondary objective is to reduce the return losses so that maximum output can be achieved. A comparison analysis is done between series and parallel configuration of the 5.8ghz antenna. 1.2.1 Scope of thesis: Perform a good and comprehensive literature review so that all the concepts of RF electronics could be understood. Understand different antenna designs and test them to get the best possible result. Simulating and creating a functional micro-strip patch antenna design suitable for the rectenna frequency of operation of 5.8 GHz. Designing, simulating and creating the rectifier circuit. 1.3 Thesis Outline The thesis was completed in two semesters. Each a certain number task must be completed. Semester 1: Involves literature review of patch antenna, low pass filter and rectifier. The array of antenna design will also be taken under consideration and will be tested and simulated in ADS software and a prototype of 44 circular and triangular patch antenna will be build for testing purpose. Semester I Introduction to the topic Finding the research papers and resources Literature review Design proposal Simulation in ADS Operational system in ADS Prototype for testing Semester 2: The 2nd semester was utilized to make better designs and operation of antennas. Rectifying circuit will be improved as well. An application will be tested, so that the patch antenna can be used to power a small application. Semester II Tweaking of the design Making system efficient Measurements and results Comparison analysis of design Documentation and final report Chapter 2 2 Introduction To Literature Review This section outlines brief theory of micro-strip patch antennas .. The library resources were used extensively and the journals related to the power transmission using rectanna were studied in detail. The articles were used to get idea about the design as well as methods of adapting the microwave techniques. 2.1 Motivation The possibility of transferring power wirelessly can open up infinite applications. The fact that wireless application will not be powered by the batteries but instead use RF signal to generate the power is so extraordinary that everyone would want to be a part of the technology. The idea of using the solar space satellites to create power is not very new. It was first presented in 1968 by Peter E. Glaser [4] [3]. The area of wireless power is not only limited to power generation by satellites but in fact it can be used in daily electronics, such as a wireless headphone, wireless keyboard, wireless mouse and even in wireless small motors. This research will give me a glimpse of future technologies that lies ahead of us. 2.2 What I Want to Achieve At the end of this thesis I hope to have a rectenna which will convert RF signals into DC power and that DC power will be used for any selected application. 2.3 Important Points About Antenna An antenna is device which is made so that it can radiate and receive radiating power from the electromagnetic wave. There are some important points that we need to know about antenna before proceeding towards the main antenna design. 2.3.1 Antenna gain: The ratio of input power to the output power is called antenna gain. 2.3.2 Directivity: The property of antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves in a particular direction is called directivity. If the electromagnetic waves are concentrated in a particular direction then we can that antenna has good directivity. Directivity and gain are related to each other by the following formula. Gain = efficiency/Directivity. 2.3.3 Polarization: The phenomena of polarization can be understand as the orientation of electromagnetic waves at distance from the source. The polarization types have been show in the table below. 2.3.4 Impedance Matching: The energy transfer can only be possible if the antenna and the transmission lines are matched. Typically 50 ohm impedance is used for the radio. If the antenna is not match then the input power or the output power will be reflected back. As a result power will be lost and desired results will not be achieved. 2.3.5 VSWR and the Reflected power of antenna: The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a parameter, which tells us that how good the impedance match is done. A VSWR of 2:1 is considered good. Most of the antennas which are built have a VSWR of 1.5:1. Chapter 3 3 Rectenna design 3.1 Introduction to rectenna The above diagram shows a basic design of a rectanna. The antenna receives the RF signals. The signal is passed to the low pass filter by a transmission line which has an impedance of 50 ohm. The low pass filter will filter the desired frequency so that unwanted frequency does not go through the rectifying circuit. The low pass filter is also used to stop the harmonics reflected back from the diode. The rectifying circuit is used in double configuration. The double configuration is used so that maximum RF signal can be converted into DC power. Schottky diodes will be used in the rectification process as they have low voltage drop across it. The overall efficiency of the rectanna can be determined by ?= PdcPinc, Pdc is the DC output power. Pinc is the Incident RF power 3.2 Operating frequency The most common frequency used is 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The directivity of antenna is more at 5.8GHz. Over all a lot of applications are available at these frequencies. 3.3 Substrate Material Taconic TLX-0 was used for the physical design of the antennas. It has the following properties: H = 0.787 mm(height) T = 17  µm er= 2.45 TanD = 0.0019 Taconic TLX-0 laminate are low loss antennas.[8] 3.4 Design Specifications Chapter 4 4 Array Antennas and Design: 4.1 Introduction to Array Antennas and Design In this section is related with the antenna design in detail and the array antenna design for achieving greater power. 4.2 Micro-strip Patch Antenna The patch antenna is triangular. It has 3 layers. The bottom layer is the ground, middle is the dielectric substrate and the upper layer which is made up of copper or gold. As you can see in the figure, the 3 layer are shown. The patch antenna radiates because of the fringing fields between the ground and the patch. For good performance the thick dielectric should be used with a low dielectric constant [13]. As the design does not allow us to use a thick dielectric, otherwise the size of the antenna would be very big, so in our design a thin dielectric with high dielectric constant would be used. A micro strip antenna has some advantages and some drawback. Some of the advantages and drawbacks are given in the table. ADVANTAGES OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA Light weight and have low volume with low profile. Fabrication cost is low, easily manufactured in big quantities. Circular and Linear polarizations can be made in them. Dual frequency and dual-polarization is also possible with this. Microwave integrated circuits can be integrated with them as well. The antenna structure can be fabricated with Feed lines and matching networks within. Figure 7 Advantages of microstrip DISADVANTAGES OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA Bandwidth Narrow Lower gain Large losses with the feed structure. Cannot be high power handling capacity Figure 8 Disadvantages of microstrip 4.3 Feed Technique There are two types of feeding techniques Contacting: In this type feed network the RF signal is feed directly into the patch antenna. Non contacting: In this configuration electromagnetic field coupling occurs due to transfer of energy between the line of mirco-strip and the patch. 4.3.1 Micro-strip Line Feed As you can see in the figure the simplest way of having a feed line is to attach a transmission line feed with the edge of the antenna. This feed line technique is very useful as the feed line and the antenna are both on the same plane. The structure is on the same surface and area is also reduced. It has a better utility as now the antenna (with the feed line) can be place in numerous applications. The thickness of the feed line determines the impedance of the line. 4.4 ANALYSIS 4.4.1 Triangular patch antenna : As we know that lots of work have been on rectangular patch antennas and the circular patch but for my design I will be using a triangular patch so that the radiation pattern and the return losses can be studied. The size of the triangular patch is smaller than the rectangular patch, so a much more efficient design. The design formulas are, in the later sections of the report. 4.4.2 Design specifications 4.4.2.1 TRANMISSION LINE MODEL : In my design I have used the transmission line model to develop the concepts and theory behind the triangular patch antennas the equilateral triangular patch was also design using the transmission model. Resonant frequency The resonant frequency is given by [14] fr=ckmn2pEr =2c3aEr(m2 +mn+n2)1/2 1 In the above equation c is the velocity of the light in the free space. Er is the dielectric constant and K(mn) are the different modes of harmonic order. The lowest order resonant frequency given by [14] fr=2c 3aEr2 The effect of fringing field was not consideration in the above equation. The fringing field occurs at the antenna patch edge. In our case the fringing field will occur at the edge sides of the equilateral triangle. The fringing fields are depended on the physical dimension of the triangular patch and the height of the substrate material. The figure below shows the field lines of a micro-strip antenna. The maximum amount of field lines are going into the substrate and some of them are in the air. The side of a patch is increased due to the fringing field effect. The side length of a triangular patch antenna will no longer will be the same as we have to take account of the effective dielectric constant Ee. The modified equations are given below. The equation above does not take given very accurate results, as it does not consider the fringing fields produced by the antennas. The Er in equation (1) and (2) can be replaced by effective dielectric constant. The dielectric constant given by [14] Ee=Er+12+Er-14(1+12h/a)-12 3 Similarly the a can be replaced by aeff (effective). The value of the aeff (effective) given by [14] aeff=a+hEr -4 Where h is the height of the material Thus equation 2 can be replaced with the effective value of aeff and Ee giving us the final equation given by [14] fr=2c 3aeffEe5 4.4.3 Excitation technique: 4.4.3.1 Micro-strip feed: The location of feed point is determined according to dimension of the antenna. Once we have calculated the accurate dimension of the antenna then we have to connect it with a 50ohm transmission line. In my design I will be using the center fed for the patch antenna. There are two ways to do this. The first is using a quarter wave transformer and the 2nd is to use the inset model. 4.4.3.2 INSET MODEL: A triangular patch antenna was designed using the inset model. The advantage of using the inset model is that the size of the antenna reduces as compared to the quarter wave transformer design [14]. The length of the triangular patch is d. the length of transmission patch is l and the width of the transmission patch is w. the width and length of transmission patch if design do that a 50ohm impedance can be achieved. 4.4.3.3 Quarter Wavelength Transformer The quarter wave transformer is a system which is used to match the impedance. As we know that the resistance Rin of the antenna will not matched with the feed line which has a impedance of 50 ohm. A formula is used to calculate the impedance of the quarter wave transformer. 4.5 Antenna design The calculation for different antennas was designed in ADS. And the result will be shown in much detail the later sections of the report. The operating frequency is 5.8GHz. The result show in the table below is for triangular patch. 4.6 Introduction to Array theory The range of the system can be increased by array of antennas which are working together and the focus of the reception or transmission of energy also increase in a particular direction[10]. The antenna in an array can be manufactured on a micro-strip with a feed network and a power divider. There are two kinds of feed network in array antennas Single line(series feed network) Multiple feed network The series-feed network in an array of antennas is limited with a fixed beam[13]. We can see that series feed is easy to manufacture as it has the same configuration which repeats. There is a major disadvantage, any change to a single element can affect the remaining elements. The antenna elements are fed by a 1 to N (in corporate network).The power divider network has a identical path lengths to all the elements, from the feed point [13]. The phase of the element can be controlled in the corporate network with the help of phase shifters. Amplifier can be used to fix the amplitude [13]. 4.6.1 The Array Factor The array factor depends on Number of elements Element spacings Amplitude Excitation phase which is applied to each elements within the array 4.6.2 Array design As we see in the previous section that that array design is deeply affected by the element of spacing, so for 5.8 GHZ antenna the wavelength is 51.72mm, based on these factors the element spacing for 5.8GHZ antenna the element spacing should be 38.79mm. We can see that the element spacing is 0.75 % of the given wavelength. As we can see in the below figure that the quarter transformer is matched with antenna which has a impedance of 100ohm. The 100ohm line are combined together and gives a resulting impedance of 50ohm at the meeting point of the line. In the last the two 100ohm lines are combined to give a 50ohm impedance which is same for a feed line. 4.6.3 Metering of Corners In our design we are using a microstrip. So with the mircostrip antennas, the 90% angle at any corner can cause large reflection from the 90% degree angle. So a smooth edge has to be made, so that there are no reflection losses. To reduce the reflection factor the edges are metered at the corner so that there is a smooth flow of current. A equation can be used to metered the corners which is given by the equation below. 4.7 Simulation results in ADS 4.7.1 Single triangular patch 4.7.1.1 Single triangular patch : 4.7.2 Single patch with inset model: 4.7.2.1 Single patch with inset model: 4.7.3 2X2 triangular patch with inset model: 4.7.4 14 linear triangular patch: 4.7.5 Single patch with quarter wave transformer 4.7.6 22 triangular patch with quarter wave transformer CHAPTER- 5 LOW PASS FILTER 5 Low Pass Filter 5.1 Introduction to low pass filter In this chapter we will discuss the low pass filter and why is it important for the rectanna design. The techniques which will be used and calculation used to make a low pass filter. The results which are calculated by the ADS calculation will also be show in this section. 5.2 Theory behind LPF The antennas which were designed in the previous section was for 5.8Ghz but still some extra frequencies have to be filtered. The rectifying circuit also cause reflection from the first harmonics. To stop those reflection from the diode, LPF is used. LPF is extensional for the design as it can increase the power of the antenna. The LPF block the signal coming back from the diode and so the phenomena of re-radiation does not occur. The LPF is usually designed for the lower frequencies. We can use lamped component for the design but there is a problem with that. The lamped component can also cause reflection, so SMT components should be used to avoid the reflections from the inductor or the resistors. There is another good way, instead of using lumped component, the LPF can also be designed on the same transmission line by using Richard transmission. I think it would be the best thing for our design because then we would be able to make the design on the same surface. The whole design would have the same physical platform and planer surface can be achieved. There are two kinds of low pass filter which we can use in our design. Equal ripple Maximum flat 5.3 LPF Design The filter can be designed by using â€Å"Richardson method from chapter of Micro-wave engineering by david pozar[9]. We have to get the values from the table then Richard transformation is used to get the series inductors and the stub used and the shunt capacitors to shunt stubs. For Richard ?/8 at ?= ?C. Then the 2nd step would be to use the kuroda identity to series stub and shunt stubs. For the frequency of ?/8 at 2.45 GHz) and (?/8 at 5.8 GHz) we need to apply the impedance and the frequency scaling to get the accurate value. 5.3.1 Equal ripple low pass filter 5.3.2 Maximum low pass filter 5.4 Simulation results from ADS 5.5 LPF AT 5.8GHZ 5.5.1 LFP EQUAL RIPPLE (5.8GHZ) 5.5.2 LPF MAX FLAT(5.8GHZ) CHAPTER 6 6 RECTIFYING CIRCUIT FOR RECTENNA 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO RECTIFYING CIRCUIT FOR RECTENNA The final stage of the rectenna design is the rectanna which actually converts the RF signal into the DC voltage. As the diode has its own impedance so we have to match the impedance of the rectifying circuit as well. The method by which the impedance was match and the results obtained from the ADS simulation will be looked. 6.2 Single Rectifier design The single diode configuration is very easy to understand. In the positive wave of the AC signal the diode d5 is forward biased and the capacitor is being charged. When the negative wave come, the diode is reverse biased and no current crosses the diode and at that time the capacitor is providing the voltage. As the capacitor is providing the voltage we have small ripples in the simulation and in practical applications. 6.3 Single voltage quadrupler: The quadrapler provides 4 times the voltage as campared to the single rectifying circuit. The configuration is easy to fabricate and easy to understand. In the positive cycle the 2nd diode and the 4th diode is forward biased allowing the capacitor c4 and c1 to be charged. In the negative cycle the 1st and the 3rd diode are reversed biased and the capacitor c3 and c2 are being charged. The four capacitor voltages adds up before the resistor, giving us four times the voltage at the resistor. 6.4 Four 5.8 ghz with quadraupler in parallel configuration: In this design we have again used a quatrupler configuration bt this time we are using 4 sources in parallel with each other. The four parallel source were used to replicate the design, when 4 parallel antennas are used and then feeding into a single quadrupler rectifier configuration. The results are show below. 6.5 Four 5.8 ghz with four individual quadraupler rectifier in parallel configuration: The difference between the above design and this design is that, this time individual rectifier is being used with a single 5.8ghz source. The configuration is used in parallel combination. 6.6 Four 5.8 ghz with quadraupler in series configuration : In the design below a series combination was used. Four 5.8ghz source which is acting like a 5.8ghz patch antenna are configured in series conbination. The output from the source is then feed into the voltage quadrupler. The results are shown below. 6.7 HSMS 2862k Diode parameters Chapter 7 7 Conversion efficiency 7.1 Introduction to Conversion efficiency The design with different configuration was tested in ADS simulation. Now we have to move towards the physical antennas and we need to determine how we can mearsure the efficiency of a rectanna. When the antenna designs are manufactured we will tested the parrallel combination with the series combination. We will be comparing two designs. 14 array of antenna 22 array of antenna Chapter 8 8 Complete Rectenna design In this section we will see the complete rectanna design on a single surface. Which means that the low pass filter and the rectifying circuit will be on the same surface as that of the array antennas The dimension and the simulated results of all the component were shown in the above sections of the report. Chapter 9 9 CONCLUSION As we have seen that all the design of the antennas and the other component were tested at maximum in ADS and the results obtained from the ADS simulation shows that we are on the right track and we will be cable of manufacture a good efficient antenna is the next semester. The antenna will be able to convert the RF signal in DC power. The low pass filters were designed and we saw that the equal ripple filter show a much better results and so we will be using that with our design. The rectifying circuit were build and tested and a practical results show that we need a minimum of 3dbm power, so that the SMT led can be turned ON. In the future a 5.8 ghz antenna with array of 22 and 14 will be made. The simulation of 22 and 14 antenna array is already done in ADS. The designs are ready for manufacturing. 9.1 Prototype and gerber Files for Manufacturing 10 Appendix References J.O. McSpaden J.C. Mnakins, â€Å"solar power programs and MWP(micro wave wireless power),† IEEE Micro, volume. 3, number. 4, pages. 46-57, Dec 2002 J.A. Hagerty and Z.Popovic, â€Å"experimental results of a broad band arbitrarily polarized antenna,† found in IEEE MTT-S Int. Moscow Sym. Dig., May 2001, volume 3.,pages 1855-1858 D.G.Guha, Y.M.Antar and J.Y. Siddiqui and M. Biswas â€Å"Resonanting resistance for microstrip-line-fed for a circular-micro-strip patches† Ieee Proc Microw. Antennas Propagation† found in volume 152, Number 6, Dec 2005 W C. brown, â€Å"history of wireless power transmisson† IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1983 Wireless-Power-Transmission(WPT) for the use of Solar Power Satellite found at site www.sspi.gatech.edu (Accessed 13th June 2008) R.P. Jedelika, â€Å"measured mutal coupling between antennas and the patch antennas†, IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., pp. 147-149 Jan. 1981 Change, K. â€Å"Radio frequency and Microwave Wireless Systems† by John Wiley and Sons, Inc 2000 Taconic material â€Å"TLX-0 Data Sheet† TACONIC Advanced Dielectric Division David, M. P. â€Å"Microwave Engineering, second edition by † John Wiley and Sons, Inc 1998 Chang.K. â€Å"Radio Frequnecy and Micro-wave power wireless wystems, Chapter 3 to Chapter 4 Antenna Systems† by John Wiley and Sons, Inc 2000 Kai.chang,RF and microwave wiresless system chapter.3 pp 89-98. 2000 I. J. Bahle and P. Bhartia, â€Å"Microstrip patch Antennas†, Artech House Inc, Dedham, MA 1980 Balanise, C.A â€Å"Antenna Theory and Analysis for Design by † Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey 2005 I. J. Bahle and P. Bhartia, â€Å"Microstrip Antennas†, Artech House Inc, Dedham, MA 1980 Matsumoto. H Shinohara. N, â€Å"study on array of antennas for wireless power transmission† IEEE, volume. 46, number. 3, 1998 Bhartia, B. Roa and K.V.S. Tomar, R.S. â€Å"Millimeter-Wave Microstripe for Printed Circuit and Antennas† Arteche House, Inc, United States of America, 1991